Showing posts with label English. Show all posts
Showing posts with label English. Show all posts

Thursday, December 6, 2012

Tax Avoidance ...


is really hard work, you know! If you're clever enough and you invest your money in the skills of shrewed accountants, crafty lawyers, pay some extra cash to smart financial advisors, bankers and stock exchange traders, you will finally push up your tax avoidance revenues to the max, totally within the law. So why would you complain about that? Don't be stupid! You should do it, too!

"For the 400 U.S. taxpayers with the highest adjusted gross income, the effective federal income tax rate—what they actually pay—fell from almost 30 percent in 1995 to just over 18 percent in 2008, according to the Internal Revenue Service. And for the approximately 1.4 million people who make up the top 1 percent of taxpayers, the effective federal income tax rate dropped from 29 percent to 23 percent in 2008. It may seem too fantastic to be true, but the top 400 end up paying a lower rate than the next 1,399,600 or so.
That’s not just good luck. It’s often the result of hard work, as suggested by some of the strategies ..." (see "How to Pay No Taxes: 10 Strategies Used by the Rich")



See also: Britain's missing billions: counting the true cost of corporate tax avoidance


Monday, October 22, 2012

Charter Cities and Seasteading


The more people all over the world are geting sick of fake democracies, excessive corruption, political sleaze and an intolerably wide gap between the rich and the rest, the more diligently people are looking for ways out, either way. Some try to improve socio-economical conditions, others try to further corrode them. Just in one edition of German educational magazine GEO (October 2012, cf. p. 22, pp. 80-92, p. 150.) I found three articles dealing with different approaches.



Charter Cities
"Chicago Boy" economist Paul Romer's suggestion to establish city states (in host states like Honduras) governed by their own laws of pure market belief (see http://chartercities.org/).


Unconditional Basic Income (Basic Income Guarantee (or Grant, abbr. BIG)
Funded by a coalition of churches, labour unions and aid organizations, the inhabitants of the Namibian village Otjivero (Omitara) received monthly 700-800 Dollar per person, from January 2008 to December 2009 (see Global Basic Income Foundation, Basic Income Grant Coalition)


Floating Free States (Seasteading)
Kind of social labs at sea (sometimes called seasteads), outside the territory claimed by the government of any nation; autonomous ocean communities designed for performing social experiments with volunteers to find out the best way of government (see The Seasteading Institute). Proponents: PayPal cofounder Peter Thiel and Patri Friedman (grandson of economist Milton Friedaman)


Unfortunately, none of these projects were designed to run under scientific rules of experiment. Comprehensive data of the outcome of the BIG project in Namibia are missing.
Based on a totally different mindset, Charter and Floating Cities look like the ultimate outsourcing projects. Details regarding the living conditions of workers do no exist and those available are rather scary (it is half-way instructive to read both FAQs, e.g. in Paul Romer's vision of recruiting unskilled workers directly out of slums:

"Q: What kind of apartments could these workers afford?A: Small apartments. We know from existing data that living space varies linearly with income. As income grows, people will rent larger, nicer apartments. A city that starts by catering to people getting entry level jobs would start by building small, minimalist apartments and add larger ones with more amenities as incomes rise."

And in the Seasteading FAQ section, the question

"Are seasteading enthusiasts just a bunch of rich guys wanting to escape paying taxes?"

is already telling. Considering the lack of data in both projects, one has to rely on guessing, and my guess is that both are designed to acquire cheap labor slaves through a new legal back door, and yes, trying to create a new systematic loophole for escaping the so-called "regulators" - a term which the plutocracy likes to use for "legislators" and "executive authorities". (My guess is only based on what I found on their websites - which is very unspecific, leaving one with the suspicion that dubious reasons might be behind the lack of details.)

It's funny how well this mechanism of corroding modern democracies is working: first you do everything against the state (the bad regulator) and then you say it's the state that is responsible for the mess and that we have to minimize government (further corrode it). First you create international trading laws which favor large international corporations so that they can easily blackmail governments by threatening to move abroad where production costs and taxes are lower. At home, you proceed by corroding values like consumer and worker protection and introduce subcontracted labour. You reinvest your gains by employing lobbyists, think-tanks and mass-media infotainment who spread your gospel of the entrepreneurial saviour. Further you go by introducing outsourcing techniques - another blackmailing instrument. Finally, you end up by destroying millions of jobs in your own country by outsourcing to other countries, producing products with the help of cheap labor slaves abroad and selling these products overpriced back home, while at the same time tranferring technology to tother countries for free. Your own country is left to pay the price by being forced to pay all kinds of subsidies in order to save society from further disintegration and debt. And then you say the government is incapable of housekeeping.

If you firmly believe that such a downward spiral is good, it is only natural to assume that the final goal can only be your own entrepreneurial city state (or island) where you are the legislator and there are no limits, no rules, no regulations holding you back from doing business, whatever kind of business.

Seasteading's Patri Friedman comes straigth to the point when he finds democracy ridiculous in comparison with the allegedly high standard of entrepreneurial product innovation:

"Yet the governance technology that we use in most of the world - representive democracy - is 2 thousand years old. It originated in ancient Athens. And here in the US we use a constitution which is 200 years old. And that's ridiculous compared with consumer technologies, right? If you'd drive a car from 200 years ago, it would be a horse." (03:38)





Guess it's time to rethink some other more than 2000 years old concepts: e.g. rational thinking, deductive science, speeches in front of an audience, and - last but not least - brigandism and entrepreneurship. For some people with a certain mindset, Friedman's argument might appear compelling, but it's one of the weakest I have ever heard.

Democracy is a human longtime project like science - it is at any time only as good as its proponents, it is always prone to error and it is always improvable. Unfortunately democracy can be faked almost perfectly. (Scientists control each other, politicians do not.)



Related topic:
The Plutocracy Will Go to Extremes to Keep the 1% in Control





Sunday, October 7, 2012

The Politically Most Dangerous Verses of the Christian Bible (New Testament)


Romans 13:1-7
"(1) Let every person be subject to the governing authorities; for there is no authority except from God, and those authorities that exist have been instituted by God.
(2) Therefore, whoever resists authority resists what God has appointed, and those who resist will incur judgment.
(3) For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Do you wish to have no fear of the authority? Then do what is good, and you will receive its approval;
(4) for it is God’s servant for your good. But if you do what is wrong, you should be afraid, for the authority does not bear the sword in vain! It is the servant of God to execute wrath on the wrongdoer.
(5) Therefore one must be subject, not only because of wrath but because of conscience. (6) For the same reason you also pay taxes, for the authorities are God’s servants, busy with this very thing. 
(7) Pay to all what is due them—taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due."

Throughout history, it is first and foremost this authoritarian pamphlet in St. Paul's letters to the Romans that justified the organized Christian religion to try to align with any regime regardless of how stupid, cruel or inhumane. But don't get fooled by the term 'organized religion'. The basis for this unconditional authoritarian thinking is written down explicitly in the "holy text" and holds for the ordinary believer as well. It cannot just be interpreted away, especially if you think of the apostles being "inspired by the holy spirit" and therefore speaking the truth, and their Messiah's somewhat indifferent answer to the question if you ought to pay taxes to the oppressive occupier of your country: "Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's." It is thus open to every fundamentalist to take these verses literally as moral justification for convincing the people to slavishly obey any political power of the day, for this power is appointed by God. Independent of the ways various rulers come to power - let it be democratic elections or coups d'etats, Christians may not resist but ought to pay taxes and revenues, show respect and honor, and try to receive approval from the authorities (and btw, this also holds for the present US president, Mr. Obama: do everything to receive his approval, folks!).

Throughout history they tried to align, even with the most detestable rulers, and as soon as circumstances allowed, Christians tried to get in power themselves. Those rare cases when some local branches of a Christian church opposed injust governments, were brutally rebuked by higher church officials. For example, Liberation Theology during the nineteen sixties and seventies in South-America was not supported by the Vatican but finally wiped off the table by today's Pope Ratzinger in his critique "Libertatis nuntius", 1984, where he denounced proponents of the fight against (US-backed) dictatorships and the terror of land-owners as Marxists (a  typical straw man argument and killer phrase). It is eye-opening to read the document, probably the best theological justification for Romans 13:1-7 on the market: the basic argument against Liberation Theology consists in the distinction between the Messiah's promise of liberation from "original sin" on the one hand, and the liberation from "servitude of an earthly and temporal kind" on the other hand. Consequently, the enslaved and tortured should first try to convert the rulers to obey Christian laws, then the rest (just and humane government) would follow automatically. Ratzinger didn't even mention the killed priests, he just joined the people who ordered these assassinations by defaming the priests as Marxists. (E.g. Archbishop Oscar Romero of El Salvador had been killed on 24 March 1980 while celebrating Mass, and he could have hardly been viewed as Marxist.)

On the other hand, St. Paul's verses have frequently motivated regimes to align with Christian churches, and still they are doing. In the USA, every presidential candidate must seek support of Christian organisations in order to be electable, and in Putin's Russia the growing influence of the Orthodox Church is frightening. Russian political commentators often justify this move by the old Machiavellian view of religion: stupid but useful for rulers. Romans 13:1-7 provides the basis for such a mindset. During the Tsarist Era, the Russian Orthodox church enjoyed its privileges granted by the Russian aristocratic rulers. This ended abruptly after the rise of the Bolsheviks and Stalin. But as soon as Stalin was under attack by Nazi Germany, the dictator invited the Orthodox back to bed and table and the priests accepted immediately. The involvement of the Vatican with Hitler's regime is widely known. The Roman Catholic church was one of those who helped Hitler to come into power. In fact, the Reichskonkordat (1933) was one of Hitler's first success stories, "ensuring that the catholics from now on will unreservedly support the Nazi state". Hardly anybody knows that this treaty of shame is still in force today! According to Romans 13:1-7 the authority of Hitler and Stalin was from God and God established their terror regimes (and all the others). They were not a terror for good conduct, but to bad. If you have done good, you have received their approval. Don't you know that Hitler, Stalin, Cesar, Mao, Franco, Pinochet, Idi Amin, Ceausescu, ... they were all good for you? Because they were servants of God to execute wrath on the wrongdoers ... Well, if this is not highly dangerous nonsense, what else is?



Tuesday, October 2, 2012

From Iraq to Iran


"He [Saddam] now has this distributed in little sites, tiny sites, tiny centrifuges the size of washing machines, and they're hidden. Are you going to find them? Iraq is a very big country. He's got 50 palaces with secret trap doors. I mean it's not going to work. It doesn't work that way. It didn't work up to now, it's not going to work." Benjamin Netanyahu

Probably Mr. Netanyahu ist still believing Saddam's WMD are there in Iraq, somewhere hidden under the hot desert sand, invisible for satellite surveillance, too tiny to be found. Yes, nobody can find them behind the secret trap doors (is '50' taken from the Thora?), they are just too tiny, pinpoint almost ... And this is probably also the reason for not finding WMD in Iraq down to the present day, they just too tiny, hidden in tiny places ...
... what a nonsense, but obviously good enough for the US-American audience; kind of oriental scary story coming from a man who knows how easily the US can be drawn into a war (see America is easy to push around or 'America Is A Thing You Can Move Very Easily'). On another occasion the minstrel sang his song with such overemphasized 'feverishly' that it sounds almost funny in our ears listening backwards through time during which no trace of WMD in Iraq other than those of the invaders have been found.

"It is simply not reflecting the reality to assume that Saddam is not feverishly working to develop nuclear weapons, as we speak.” Benjamin Netanyahu, Benjamin Netanyahu speaking to House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.


And the man goes on and on. But in contrast to Richard "Dick" Cheney - who put forward his 1% Percent-Rule for attacking other countries or Colin Powell, whose infamous performance in front of the UN General Asembly has become a classic of war propaganda, dubious Mr. Netanyhu doesn't dwell for long with arguing or presenting evidence, he just tries to convince people that other nations in the Middle-East than Israel cannot be given the bomb. Thus, just as he was agitating against Iraq "we cannot allow a world in which Saddam acquires nuclear weapons", he is fear- and warmongering against Iran by evoking ad nauseam the angst of freakish Muslim leaders:  "just imagine Iranian aggression with nuclear weapons. Imagine their long range missiles tipped with nuclear warheads, their terror networks armed with atomic bombs." In fact, he only takes Cheney's 1% and multiplies it with some value big enough to blow it up to an allegedly real threat. We can call it the Netanyahoo-Factor (in other words, the amount of Chutzpah needed to make up a 1% chance of a catastrophic event to look like an absolute necessity).


How dubious is this guy? Once Israeli Newspaper Haaretz wrote about a video showing Netanjahu bragging about how he's dealing with the Oslo peace process and the "ally" USA:


"This video should have been banned for broadcast to minors. This video should have been shown in every home in Israel, then sent to Washington and Ramallah. Banned for viewing by children so as not to corrupt them, and distributed around the country and the world so that everyone will know who leads the government of Israel."


Alternatively, watch video and transcript here: ‘The world won’t say a thing’– Netanyahu on ongoing Israeli expansion"

"Netanyahu: Especially today, with America. I know what America is. America is something that can easily be moved. Moved to the right correction.
Child: They say they’re for us, but, it’s like…
Netanyahu: They won’t get in our way. They won’t get in our way."





Further reading: an article from 1996: "Spook, Terrorist or Criminal? America’s Mysterious Files on Netanyahu"

Sunday, September 9, 2012

Guess Which City, Which Country?


Click on pictures to enlarge:

city center around a channel I
city center around a channel II

fountain, city center
natural river near city center


various crowded squares 

a restaurant
they nicknamed it "Marcus Square"
view from the arcades of "Marcus Square"

office buildings
long boulevard across the City
bus stop somewehre outskirts of town


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The city's name is Yóshkar-Óla (Йошкар-Óла), capital of the Republic Mári-El (Республика Марий Эл), Russian Federation, around 800 km east of Moscow. Surprised?

The indigenous population of this republic is called the Mari People (марийцы), currently about 44% of the total population, not much less than ethnic Russians (49%). Besides Russian, the uralic or finno-ugric Mari language is an official language of the Republic (e.g. road and traffic signs as well as captions on official buildings are in both languages). Mari is also taught in schools. Though pressed by monotheistic religions in neighboring republics, Mari natural religion is still practiced today (see also Mari Traditional Religion).* 

The busy building activities in and around Yóshkar-Óla are due to Governor Leonid Markelov, who is said to have a passion for Brugge, Belgium. Probably without asking the people, he decided that the capital ought to be a Brugge lookalike (compare following 2 pics).

Brugge's famous market square
(Grote Markt)
Brugge: Grote Markt during
 upcoming storm



And even if the non-Russian features of the new appearance of the city sometimes border on the ridiculous (in the center there is a statue of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco together with his Grace Kelly), citizens overwhelmingly seem to appreciate what is done for their hometown, even though practically everybody seems to believe one of the construction firms in charge is owned by Irina Konstantinova Markelova, the Governor's wife. Moreover, some people say the Governor's family residence - a palace - is situated right in the middle of the city - close to the biggest orthodox church building, surrounded by the same walls and protected by the same security (I have no evidence for the statement concerning the family, so it might be only a rumor ;-)

The center is designed completely new (but with some churches built on historic ground). There is a broad boulevard through the whole city where people use to go walking, especially in the evening - really a very nice meeting point with flowers and fountains; parks are well cared for. During the last decade a series of sports facilities has been built: two ice rinks, two indoor swimming baths (one for children only),

Indoor Tennis Center
Children's Indoor Swimming Bath

one indoor tennis center, a new football stadium (though Yóshkar-Óla is only a bad third league club) and other outdoor Astroturfs, a roofed athletics stadium is being under construction. Btw, even the football stadium looks very similar to Brugge's "Jan Breydel Stadion"(!)
Ticket prices for these facilities are modest: from 18:00 to 22:00 working people may enter the indoor bath for 3 euros; the indoor tennis court though is 12 euros per hour. Recently, the city is flooded by more and more restaurants. Newly arrived MacDonald's has a hard stand in fighting the competitors arising from various domestic Russian restaurant chains; also, the number of upscale restaurants is on the rise (surprisingly, there is a wheat beer brewery owned and run by a German).

Yóshkar-Óla kindergarden I

Yóshkar-Óla kindergarden II

In addition, street cafés, museums (the Mari Museum is very recommendable), theaters, operas and unfortunately a huge number of newly built churches, ... , new Yóshkar-Óla has much more to offer than one would expect from a Russian provincial small town (inhabitants about 270 000). Formerly a typical grey Soviet city with its faceless structure, poor apartment blocks and depressing housing situation, the ongoing construction boom is striking. (If there wouldn't be still a strong demand in Russia for new living space, one could think there is a real estate bubble like in Spain or the USA not long ago). If you fly to Moscow over its surrounding area, you can see lots of swathes cut into the woods, inside with town houses and gated communities of the rising Muscovite's middle class and - of course - the palaces and mansions of the "nouveau riches" and the oligarchs. This cannot yet be seen in Yóshkar-Óla. But even there new private homes are built and are starting to change the face and the atmosphere of the city.

new middle-class home near
Malaya Kokshaga river II
new middle-class home near
Malaya Kokshaga river I

If you ask the citizens of Yóshkar-Óla how they would explain this rapid development of their city, you get mainly two different answers. The majority tends to believe that "this is just the beginning of a Russia-wide positive economic and political development". The alternative answer says "it's just another Potemkin".

Anyway, the whole region has much potential. Yóshkar-Óla is only a few miles away from the beautiful sandy river banks of the Wolga and directly connected with it via natural rivers. The city is surrounded by woods with lakes and rolling hills, perfect for mushrooms! You don't need to be a prophet to predict that the region will attract more and more tourists in the near future, domestic and international.


Some more Impressions from Yóshkar-Óla, Republic of Mari-El, Russia.


market hall
inside market hall, private vendors
 offering meat 


wedding


golden stretch limo

old soviet style theater
medieval music on the boulevard

small church on main square
relaxing in the evening
boats on the Malaya Kokshaga river,
 after sunset
fireworks in Yóshkar-Óla
colorful buildings in contrast
to old soviet architecture

a Russian bank






*In comparison, neighboring Chuvash Republic has more than 2 thirds of indigenous Chuvash people (descendants of the ancient kingdom of the semi-nomadic Bulgars until  the 13th century), the bilingual conditions are similar and the Chuvash natural religion is still active (Vattisen Yaly). In contrast, Tatarstan has around 55% Muslims and 45% Russian Orthodox (according to Wikipedia) - not much of natural religion left. 53% of the population are Tatars, 39% ethnic Russians.

Thursday, August 2, 2012

Oh, How We Love Our Oriental Rulers!



Now, the West loves brutal dictators - as long as they keep their cruelties secret and as long they play by the rules - OUR rules, or - to be more precise - the rules of big business. We loved when crazy Gaddafi  resided in a tent on Donald Trump's property in New York and was eager to supply oil, we loved when the Trabelsi Clan provided us with cheap labor slaves and hotels to serve us Western tourists on Tunesia's golden beaches; we loved the outsourcing, the money laundering and the weapon deals with the Mubarak Clan in Egypt, we loved Yemen's Saleh and offered him refuge just as we liked the Shah of Persia and Saddam, and we still love the Gulf states - especially Saudi Arabia - because we can make such a good business with them and they really manage to keep their fellow citizens down and torture in the dark. And we all know: Syria is next. Assad was good, but he couldn't keep his people effectively under control. So don't wonder why "Obama authorized covert support for Syrian rebels"! This is just the "Syrian war of lies and hypocrisy" as one of the last remaining journalists said. Don't you worry, we'll find another dictator for Syria and then we apply democracy there!

Friday, June 29, 2012

The Strain of Civilization II


"In order to understand Plato we must visualize the whole contemporary situation. After the Peloponnesian war, the strain of civilization was felt as strongly as ever. The old oligarchic hopes were still alive, and the defeat of Athens had even tended to encourage them. The class struggle continued. Yet Critias’ attempt to destroy democracy by carrying out the programme of the Old Oligarch had failed. It had not failed through lack of determination; the most ruthless use of violence had been unsuccessful, in spite of favourable circumstances in the shape of powerful support from victorious Sparta. Plato felt that a complete reconstruction of the programme was needed. The Thirty had been beaten in the realm of power politics largely because they had offended the citizens’ sense of justice. The defeat had been largely a moral defeat. The faith of the Great Generation had proved its strength. The Thirty had nothing of this kind to offer; they were moral nihilists. The programme of the Old Oligarch, Plato felt, could not be revived without basing it upon another faith, upon a persuasion which re-affirmed the old values of tribalism, opposing them to the faith of the open society. Men must be taught that justice is inequality, and that the tribe, the collective, stands higher than the individual." Karl Popper [1945], Ch. 10, Section IV

"This dream of unity and beauty and perfection, this aestheticism and holism and collectivism, is the product as well as the symptom of the lost group spirit of tribalism. It is the expression of, and an ardent appeal to, the sentiments of those who suffer from the strain of civilization. (It is part of the strain that we are becoming more and more painfully aware of the gross imperfections in our life, of personal as well as of institutional imperfection; of avoidable suffering, of waste and of unnecessary ugliness; and at the same time of the fact that it is not impossible for us to do something about all this, but that such improvements would be just as hard to achieve as they are important. This awareness increases the strain of personal responsibility, of carrying the cross of being human.)" Karl Popper [1945], Chapter 10, Section IV

"I suppose that what I call the ‘strain of civilization’ is similar to the phenomenon which Freud had in mind when writing Civilization and its Discontents. Toynbee speaks of a Sense of Drift (A Study of History, V, 412 ff.), but he confines it to ‘ages of disintegration’, while I find my strain very clearly expressed in Heraclitus (in fact, traces can be found in Hesiod)—long before the time when, according to Toynbee, his ‘Hellenic society’ begins to ‘disintegrate’. Meyer speaks of the disappearance of ‘The status of birth, which had determined every man’s place in life, his civil and social rights and duties, together with the security of earning his living’ (Geschichte des Altertums, III, 542). This gives an apt description of the strain in Greek society of the fifth century B.C." Karl Popper, [1945], footnote 8 to Chapter 10.



Thursday, June 28, 2012

The Strain of Civilization I



"The breakdown of tribalism, of the closed societies of Greece, may be traced back to the time when population growth began to make itself felt among the ruling class of landed proprietors. This meant the end of ‘organic’ tribalism. For it created social tension within the closed society of the ruling class. At first, there appeared to be something like an ‘organic’ solution of this problem, the creation of daughter cities. (The ‘organic’ character of this solution was underlined by the magical procedures followed in the sending out of colonists.) But this ritual of colonization only postponed the breakdown. It even created new danger spots wherever it led to cultural contacts; and these, in turn, created what was perhaps the worst danger to the closed society—commerce, and a new class engaged in trade and seafaring. By the sixth century B.C., this development had led to the partial dissolution of the old ways of life, and even to a series of political revolutions and reactions. And it had led not only to attempts to retain and to arrest tribalism by force, as in Sparta, but also to that great spiritual revolution, the invention of critical discussion, and, in consequence, of thought that was free from magical obsessions. At the same time we find the first symptoms of a new uneasiness. The strain of civilization was beginning to be felt.
This strain, this uneasiness, is a consequence of the breakdown of the closed society. It is still felt even in our day, especially in times of social change. It is the strain created by the effort which life in an open and partially abstract society continually demands from us—by the endeavour to be rational, to forgo at least some of our emotional social needs, to look after ourselves, and to accept responsibilities. We must, I believe, bear this strain as the price to be paid for every increase in knowledge, in reasonableness, in co-operation and in mutual help, and consequently in our chances of survival, and in the size of the population. It is the price we have to pay for being human. The strain is most closely related to the problem of the tension between the classes which is raised for the first time by the breakdown of the closed society. The closed society itself does not know this problem. At least to its ruling members, slavery, caste, and class rule are ‘natural’ in the sense of being unquestionable. But with the breakdown of the closed society, this certainty disappears, and with it all feeling of security. The tribal community (and later the ‘city’) is the place of security for the member of the tribe. Surrounded by enemies and by dangerous or even hostile magical forces, he experiences the tribal community as a child experiences his family and his home, in which he plays his definite part; a part he knows well, and plays well. The breakdown of the closed society, raising as it does the problems of class and other problems of social status, must have had the same effect upon the citizens as a serious family quarrel and the breaking up of the family home is liable to have on children. Of course, this kind of strain was felt by the privileged classes, now that they were threatened, more strongly than by those who had formerly been suppressed; but even the latter felt uneasy. They also were frightened by the breakdown of their ‘natural’ world. And though they continued to fight their struggle, they were often reluctant to exploit their victories over their class enemies who were supported by tradition, the status quo, a higher level of education, and a feeling of natural authority. In this light we must try to understand the history of Sparta, which successfully tried to arrest these developments, and of Athens, the leading democracy." Karl Popper [1945], Chapter 10, Section II

Monday, June 25, 2012

The Most Religious of All?


"I would like to say a word about some people I know whom I would not classify as atheists, believers, or agnostics. They are people who have no thoughts about God at all. God simply doesn’t enter their world; they are totally unaware of either any presence or absence of God. One might be tempted to think of them as agnostics, but this doesn’t strike me as quite right: Agnosticism has somewhat the character of a philosophical position (it is unknown), but the people I am talking about are not philosophizing, they are just simply living. In some way that I cannot explain, these people strike me as the most religious of all!" Ray Smullyan [2003], p.9

Friday, June 22, 2012

The Wish to be Chosen


"There is no doubt that the doctrine of the chosen people grew out of the tribal form of social life. Tribalism, i.e. the emphasis on the supreme importance of the tribe without which the individual is nothing at all, is an element which we shall find in many forms of historicist theories. [...] Another aspect of the doctrine of the chosen people is the remoteness of what it proffers as the end of history. For although it may describe this end with some degree of definiteness, we have to go a long way before we reach it. And the way is not only long, but winding, leading up and down, right and left. Accordingly, it will be possible to bring every conceivable historical event well within the scheme of the interpretation. No conceivable experience can refute it. But to those who believe in it, it gives certainty regarding the ultimate outcome of human history." Karl Popper [1945] Ch.1

"One of the features which the doctrines of the chosen people, the chosen race, and the chosen class have in common is that they originated, and became important, as reactions against some kind of oppression. The doctrine of the chosen people became important at the time of the foundation of the Jewish church, i.e. during the the Babylonian captivity; Count Gobineau’s theory of the Aryan master race was a reaction of the aristocratic emigrant to the claim that the French Revolution had successfully expelled the Teutonic masters. Marx’s prophecy of the victory of the proletariat is his reply to one of the most sinister periods of oppression and exploitation in modern history." Karl Popper [1945] Footnote 3 to Chapter 1


"In its beginning, Christianity, like the Cynic movement, was opposed to the highbrow Platonizing Idealism and intellectualism of the ‘scribes’, the learned men. (‘Thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent and hast revealed them unto the babes.’) I do not doubt that it was, in part, a protest against what may be described as Jewish Platonism in the wider sense, the abstract worship of God and His Word. And it was certainly a protest against Jewish tribalism, against its rigid and empty tribal taboos, and against its tribal exclusiveness which expressed itself, for example, in the doctrine of the chosen people, i.e. in an interpretation of the deity as a tribal god. Such an emphasis upon tribal laws and tribal unity appears to be characteristic not so much of a primitive tribal society as of a desperate attempt to restore and arrest the old forms of tribal life; and in the case of Jewry, it seems to have originated as a reaction to the impact of the Babylonian conquest on Jewish tribal life. But side by side with this movement towards greater rigidity we find another movement which apparently originated at the same time, and which produced humanitarian ideas that resembled the response of the Great Generation to the dissolution of Greek tribalism. This process, it appears, repeated itself when Jewish independence was ultimately destroyed by Rome. It led to a new and deeper schism between these two possible solutions, the return to the tribe, as represented by orthodox Jewry, and the humanitarianism of the new sect of Christians, which embraced barbarians (or gentiles) as well as slaves. We can see from the Acts how urgent these problems were, the social problem as well as the national problem. And we can see this from the development of Jewry as well; for its conservative part reacted to the same challenge by another movement towards arresting and petrifying their tribal form of life, and by clinging to their ‘laws’ with a tenacity which would have won the approval of Plato. It can hardly be doubted that this development was, like that of Plato’s ideas, inspired by a strong antagonism to the new creed of the open society; in this case, of Christianity." Karl Popper [1945] VOl. 2, Ch.1, Section III.


Sunday, June 17, 2012

Historicism


"It is widely believed that a truly scientific or philosophical attitude towards politics, and a deeper understanding of social life in general, must be based upon a contemplation and interpretation of human history. While the ordinary man takes the setting of his life and the importance of his personal experiences and petty struggles for granted, it is said that the social scientist or philosopher has to survey things from a higher plane. He sees the individual as a pawn, as a somewhat insignificant instrument in the general development of mankind. And he finds that the really important actors on the Stage of History are either the Great Nations and their Great Leaders, or perhaps the Great Classes, or the Great Ideas. However this may be, he will try to understand the meaning of the play which is performed on the Historical Stage; he will try to understand the laws of historical development. If he succeeds in this, he will, of course, be able to predict future developments. He might then put politics upon a solid basis, and give us practical advice by telling us which political actions are likely to succeed or likely to fail. This is a brief description of an attitude which I call historicism. It is an old idea, or rather, a loosely connected set of ideas which have become, unfortunately, so much a part of our spiritual atmosphere that they are usually taken for granted, and hardly ever questioned. [..] But if historicism is a faulty method that produces worthless results, then it may be useful to see how it originated, and how it succeeded in entrenching itself so successfully. An historical sketch undertaken with this aim can, at the same time, serve to analyse the variety of ideas which have gradually accumulated around the central historicist doctrine—the doctrine that history is controlled by specific historical or evolutionary laws whose discovery would enable us to prophesy the destiny of man. Historicism, which I have so far characterized only in a rather abstract way, can be well illustrated by one of the simplest and oldest of its forms, the doctrine of the chosen people. This doctrine is one of the attempts to make history understandable by a theistic interpretation, i.e. by recognizing God as the author of the play performed on the Historical Stage. The theory of the chosen people, more specifically, assumes that God has chosen one people to function as the selected instrument of His will, and that this people will inherit the earth. In this doctrine, the law of historical development is laid down by the Will of God. This is the specific difference which distinguishes the theistic form from other forms of historicism. A naturalistic historicism, for instance, might treat the developmental law as a law of nature; a spiritual historicism would treat it as a law of spiritual development; an economic historicism, again, as a law of economic development. Theistic historicism shares with these other forms the doctrine that there are specific historical laws which can be discovered, and upon which predictions regarding the future of mankind can be based." Karl Popper [1945], Chapter 1: Historicism And The Myth Of Destiny

Saturday, June 16, 2012

Smullyan On Revealed Religion


"I agree that the difference between belief in God and nonbelief may be of some importance, but I can think of far more important differences. For one thing, I have always felt that the gap between atheism and belief in God is extremely small compared with the difference between a mere belief that there is a God and the belief that God wrote any of the existing holy books!
A mere belief in a creator God, without postulating any properties to this God, would hardly have much effect on how one would conduct one’s life, whereas any of the orthodox religions are chock full of moral regulations. Stated otherwise, the gap between atheism and natural religion is small compared to that between natural religion and revealed religion." Ray Smullyan [2003], p.3f 

Unfortunately for the world, these "revealed" books - like the Bible, the Torah and the Qur'an - are not only chock full of moral regulations but notably also of inhumane and cruel regulations and morally contemptible behavior of weird backwoodsmen. Though often unknown to the simple believer who contents himself with listening to preselected chapters of these "revelations" offered by knowing priests, these tribal society rules are still serving some people as moral standard ...
The gap between the belief in a mere creator God and a God who - in written form - requires his creatures to believe in and worship him is indeed huge. Think of a programmer who designs an advanced version of Conway's Game of Life filled with moving (near intelligent) creatures and then additionally requires these creatures to worship him as the creator God. C'mon! Get a life, nerd!


Tuesday, May 15, 2012

Who the Hell is Azadeh Ansari?


Iranian president: Israel 'nothing more than a mosquito' to Iran
By CNN Wire Staff
"CNN's Azadeh Ansari contributed to this report"


Who the hell is this Azadeh Ansari and why can't they provide any useful sources? (give a link, make a readable screenshot or a photo of a newspaper, video, tape recording, anything which an interested reader of this propaganda-like article might help to verify ...)

Monday, May 14, 2012

Insignia of Protest (2): Zero-Currency Notes


This way of protesting against corruption, especially bribery, is originated in India. It is based on Gandhi's idea of peaceful non cooperation directly applied to civil servants and government officials who request extra payment from citizens. It is a polite way to say "No!" in a country where corruption is a deeply rooted habit and a majority of its people has first-hand experiences with it (see also "Corruption in India"). But it is also a way of shaming and scaring functionaries feeling all too safe. For this purpose, the zero-rupee banknote was introduced to the public by the non-governmental organization 5th Pillar, in 2007. 



http://india.5thpillar.org/ZRN


In an obvious case of attempted bribery, the banknote is to be handed out by the victim directly to the official. Then the case should be made public. Here's an example reported to the 5thpillar :

"Mr. Ashok Jain got his car towed in Chennai. When he went to the C1 police station, he was asked Rs 800 as fine. He was ready to pay the amount in return for a receipt, which they were not willing to give. After much talking and convincing, he called his friend Vinod Jain who handed a Zero Rupee Note to one of the policemen. When he did that, they realized that he was a part of the 5th Pillar organisation and without any further questions they asked him to pay the marked fine of Rs 150 and handed him the receipt immediately."

Other success stories can be read on the 5thpillar website. Watch also this nice Bollywood style video: The Zero Rupee Note - A Short Film



Other countries: In Bosnia, another NGO called "Centre for Responsible Democracy", introduced the “I give zero marks for bribes" campaign in June 2011.


See also: Insignia of Protest (1): Shoes and Shoeing

Friday, May 11, 2012

Merkel ist schon Vergangenheit


Die deutsche Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel bezeichnete laut Presseberichten die Ukraine als Diktatur. Sie verlautbarte am Donnerstag in einer Regierungserklärung vor dem deutschen Bundestag:


Sie erwähnte in diesem Zusammenhang auch Weißrussland als Dikatatur.

Nun spitzt sich die Schmierenkomödie um die ukrainische Oligarchin Yulia Timoschenko doch noch so zu, daß ernste Konsequenzen zu erwarten sind. Merkel lehnt sich mit dieser Äußerung so weit aus dem Fenster, wie es Politiker eigentlich nur tun, wenn sie bereits wissen, daß sie in Kürze abdanken werden.

In der internationalen Diplomatie gilt es als außergewöhnlicher Affront einen Staat, der sich demokratisch nennt (auch wenn er es nur auf dem Papier ist), in dieser Weise zu "beleidigen". Es herrscht auf dem rutschigen Parkett der internationalen Diplomatie nämlich das Prinzip der Reziprozität (ein kulturgeschichtliches Erbe aus der Zeit der nomadisierenden Hirtenvölker). Die Ukraine muß daher der deutschen Kanzlerin antworten. Andererseits kann Frau Merkel jetzt (aber auch schon aufgrund ihrer vorhergehenden Äußerungen gegen die Ukraine) für ihre restliche Amtszeit festgenagelt werden auf ihrer unreflektierten Dichotomie zwischen demokratischen und undemokratischen Regierungen bzw. ihrer eigenen politischen Praxis, die in einem unübersehbaren Widerspruch dazu steht.

Was die Antwort der ukrainischen Oligarchie betrifft, so kann darüber zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt nur spekuliert werden. Merkel etwa als persona non grata vorderhand auszuladen dürfte sich als Boomerang herausstellen, wenn man den Zusammenhalt der restlichen EU-Staaten voraussetzt. Ob die Fußball-EM deswegen abgesagt werden müßte, ist wieder eine andere Frage. Das ukrainische Regime steht hier vor einer verzwickten Aufgabe. Möglicherweise verlegt sie sich auf's Aussitzen und Ausschweigen (und damit auf's Suspendieren der diplomatischen Reziprozität). Vielleicht sind sich die Ukrainer auch bewußt, daß sie gar nicht viel zu unternehmen brauchen, da sich Merkel (zusammen mit einigen EU-Kollegen) zu sehr selbst in die Enge getrieben hat. 

Daß sich Merkel hier tatsächlich sehr weit aus dem Fenster lehnt, wird (wie üblich) nur in den Foren von Online Zeitungen und in Blogs besprochen, nicht aber im Infotainment selbst (oder kaum). Die unangenehmen aber berechtigten Fragen, die dort - im Schatten des Mainstreams - gestellt wurden, werden auch in Zukunft schwer auf der Kanzlerin lasten. Immerhin erwartet man von rationalen Menschen eine konsequente Handlungsweise.

- Frau Merkel, werden Sie auch anläßlich der Winterspiele 2014 in Sotchi Russland als Diktatur bezeichnen? Auch dort werden Oppositionspolitiker inhaftiert, von der Gewaltherrschaft des Dr. Kadyrov in Tschetschenien einmal ganz abgesehen.

- Frau Merkel, welchen Unterschied sehen Sie zwischen den Inhaftierungen des Oligarchen Chordorkowski in Rußland und der Oligarchin Timoschenko in der Ukraine?

- Frau Merkel, warum lassen Sie es zu, daß private deutsche Unternehmen wie auch der deutsche Staat selbst seit Jahren gewinnbringende Geschäfte mit den ukrainischen Diktatoren treiben und dadurch deren Diktatur stützen, die Sie anprangern?

- Dieselbe Frage für: China, Russland, Weißrussland, Türkei, die Golf-Staaten, ...

- Frau Merkel, haben Sie Ihrem Landsmann Herrn Vettel für seinen Sieg im diktatorischen Emirat von Bahrain gratuliert?

- Frau Merkel, welcher gravierende Unterschied besteht für Sie in der "politisch motivierten" Verfolgung oppositioneller Politker und einfacher Bürger?

- Frau Merkel, mit wie vielen "Diktatoren" (oder anderen Gewaltherrschern) haben Sie sich im Auftrag der Bundesrepublik schon getroffen und warum lehnen Sie es dagegen ab sich mit den Oligarchen der Ukraine zu treffen? (Erst im Februar haben Sie die Herren Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo und Wen Jiabao in China besucht, welche tibetische und andere Oppositionelle nicht besser behandeln, als die Ukrainer die ihrigen. Warum?)

- Frau Merkel, man hat zurecht auf die - möglicherweise haftbedingten - Verletzungen von Frau Timoschenko öffentlich hingewiesen. Wie stehen Sie dagegen zu Guantanamo? Warum besuchen Sie und unterstützen Regierungen wie die USA, welche foltern lassen, wollen aber nicht in die Ukraine reisen? Haben Sie sich dafür eingesetzt, daß die "Experten" der Berliner Charité die Häftlinge im Foltergefängnis von Guantanamo besuchen dürfen?

- Frau Merkel, die Oligarchin Timoschenko ist in den Hungerstreik getreten (den sie inzwischen auch schon wieder beendet hat). Zur selben Zeit befinden sich etwa 1600 palästinensische Gefangene in Israel im Hungerstreik für menschlichere Haftbedinungen. Werden Sie auch diese Oppositionellen unterstützen?

- Frau Merkel, was wissen Sie über Yulia Timoschenko? Wie ist sie zu ihrem Reichtum gekommen? Wieviel muß ein Ukrainer auf den Tisch legen, um Parlamentsmitglied innerhalb Timoschenkos Partei "Blok Juliji Tymoschenko" zu werden? Was hat sie als Ministerpräsidentin der Ukraine erreicht?

- Frau Merkel, Sie haben die Entscheidung der UEFA für eine Austragung der Fußball-EM 2012 in Polen/Ukraine gutgeheißen, jetzt aber drohen Sie damit die EM zu boykottieren. Warum? Was hat sich seit der Vergabe 2007 in der Ukraine wesentlich geändert? Aufgrund welcher "Hoffnungen" genau, hätte diese Vergabe die Ukraine "näher an den Westen" bringen sollen? Und was haben Boykotte von sportlichen Veranstaltungen überhaupt bis jetzt gebracht?

Fragen über Fragen. Gäbe es eine funktionierende Presse, die Kanzlerin, sowie einige weitere deutsche Politgrößen und die gesamte EU-Kommission wären schon längst in einer offenen Diskussion festgenagelt und argumentativ zerlegt worden. Heuchelei und Doppelmoral im Höchstmaß hat nichts anderes verdient als bloßgestellt zu werden.

Das gemischte Doppel "Merkozy" - die deutsch-französische Hegemonie innerhalb Europas - gehört der Vergangenheit an. Sarkozy ist letztes Wochenende abgewählt worden. Merkel wird spätestens dann zurücktreten müssen, wenn Griechenland vollends im Chaos versinkt - wenn sich zeigt, daß ihre "Bankenrettungsschirme" nichts anderes waren als eine monströse Umverteilung von Steuergeld. Und nur Politiker, die schon wissen (oder wenigstens ahnen) daß sie auf unverantwortliche Weise versagt haben, geben so leichtfertig Heuchelei und Doppelmoral von sich, an die man sie in der Zukunft festnageln kann, einfach deswegen, weil es diese Zukunft für sie nicht mehr gibt. 



update 2012-05-24
Köstlich: Timoschenko hält den "politischen Boykott der Fußball-Europameisterschaft für eine "schlechte Idee". Sie bitte darum, von derartigen Konsequenzen abzusehen". Die Meldung wird in der Öffentlichkeit kaum wahrgenommen. Kommentare der deutschen Kanzlerin und der EU-Kommission dazu sind nicht bekannt geworden.

Anläßlich der sich jährlich wiederholenden Peinlichkeit des Europäischen Song Contests, der kommenden Samstag in Aserbeidschan stattfinden wird und der Amnesty International Berichte über die Menschrechtslage in dieser Ex-Sowjetrepublik, liegt natürlich die Frage nahe, warum Merkel nicht auch dieses Land eine Diktatur nennt. Ob sich Vertreter der EU-Kommission bei dieser Verherrlichung des schlechten Geschmacks blicken lassen werden - man wird es sehen. Fragen zu einem Vergleich mit der politischen Situation in der Ukraine würden ihnen ohnehin nicht gestellt werden. 

update 2012-06-08 (Beginn der Fussball EM in Ukraine/Polen)
Empörungsmeister Deutschland: "Machthaber Janukowitsch hat die Affäre einfach ausgesessen. Peinlich, auch für Deutschland".